Aicardi Syndrome

Aicardi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder occurring almost exclusively in girls, characterised by infantile spasms (jerking in babies less than 1 year), absence of the corpus callosum (the part of t

Alzheimer's Disease

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive disease of the brain characterised by failure of memory and disturbances in other cogni

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease, Charcot's Disease)

[[Anim 244]] Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a type of motor neuron disease that attacks the nerve cells (neurons) responsible for controlling voluntary muscles. Movement occurs when neurons

Arachnoiditis

Arachnoiditis is the inflammation of the meninges and subarachnoid space, two structures that surround the brain and spinal cord. Causes of arachnoiditis include infections (bacterial, viral, fun

Aseptic meningitis (Sterile meningitis)

[[Anim 82]] Aseptic Meningitis refers to patients who have clinical and laboratory evidence for meningeal (lining of the brain) inflammation with negativ

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Autism
Autism is a developmental disorder that affects the brain. It is a complex condition that mostly impairs communication, social interaction and creative play. Peo

Bacterial Meningitis
[[Anim 82]] Meningitis is inflammation of the meninges (membranes) covering the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis may be caused by infection, such as

Bell's palsy
Bell's Palsy is paralysis of the facial nerve of unknown cause. The diagnosis is made when in the typical clinical presentation no other cause can be identified. Sir Charles Bell described the ana

Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH)
Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH) is a disease of the brain. Benign intracranial hypertension is characterised by increased pressure in the brain without any evidence of any brain pathology by im

Carpal tunnel syndrome
[[Anim 16]] Carpal tunnel syndrome is a common painful disorder caused by compression of the median nerve within the wrist. "Carpal tunnel syndrome" is

Cerebral palsy
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a term used to describe a group of chronic disorders impairing control of movement that appear in the first few years of life and generally do not worsen over time. CP is a

Cervical Root disorders (cervical spondylotic myelopathy & radiculopathy)
Cervical Root disorder is a degenerative disease of the cervical nerve roots (spondylotic myelopathy) and/or spinal cord (cervical radiculopathy), where the spinal cord and/or nerve roots are damaged

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (hereditary motor sensory neuropathy)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a disease affecting the peripheral nerves. The nervous system in the body can be divided into 2 categories: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervou

Chronic Pain Syndrome
Chronic pain syndrome encompasses any pain that persists longer than the reasonable expected healing time for the involved tissues. The duration of

Cluster headache

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Diabetic Neuropathy
[[Anim 226]] Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that happens in people who have

Dry Eye Syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)(Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome))

Dry eye syndrome occurs when the eye produces fewer or p

Encephalitis (Viral Encephalitis)
Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma (the functional part of the brain). Patients affected have widespread or focal disability of the neurological and psychological function. Enceph

Epilepsy

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Epileptic seizures (Epileptic fits, Status epilepticus)
[[Anim 77]] Status epilepticus is not a disease on itself. Rather, it is a clinical situation where there are recurrent seizure activities (fits) without periods of consciousness in between. Tradi

Essential tremor
Essential tremor (ET) is a disease of the central nervous system, although the exact mechanism is unknown. It is suspected that this disease occurs due to changes in the deep brain tissue, but this ha

Friedreich ataxia
Friedreich ataxia is a disease of the central nervous system. The nervous system in the body can be divided into 2 categories: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The

Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick's Disease)
Frontotemporal dementia (Pick's disease) is a form of dementia characterised by gradually worsening decline

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)
Guillain-Barre syndrome is a disorder caused by damage to the myelin sheath around nerves. The myelin sheath is a fatty substance that surrounds nerve fibres, it increases the speed at which signals t

Headache

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Hemorrhagic stroke
Hemorrhagic stroke is characterised by bleeding occuring directly into the brain itself, damaging adjacent brain tissue. This often results from rupture of a vessel due to hypertension or an aneur

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN)
Shingles (or Herpes Zoster) is a condition that causes an area of skin (frequently on the face) to become painful, and is later covered by a rash (papules and vesicles) which eventually crusts over. T

Horner syndrome
Horner syndrome is a condition caused by injury to the sympathetic nerves fo the face. A syndrome is a combination of different signs and symptoms, when put together, have certain clinical signifi

Huntington's disease (Huntington chorea)
Huntington's disease is a brain disorder. It is an inherited condition characterized by abnormal body movements, dementia, and psychiatric problems.

Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus can be defined as increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the brain. This may be due to: 1) Too much CSF produced 2) An obstruction of CSF flow 3) Problem with absorpt

Ischaemic Stroke

[[Anim 1]] A stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients to the

Krabbe Disease (Globoid cell leukodystrophy)
In Krabbe disease, there is a lack of an enzyme called galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase (GALC); this enzyme breaks down several important compounds in the body. Without enough GALC, substances wh

Lambert-Eaton Syndrome or Eaton-Lambert Syndrome
Lambert-Eaton syndrome is a disease of the neuromuscular junction. A syndrome is a constitution of symptoms or conditions that occur together with the clinical significance that there may be presence

Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
Lennox Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) is a severe form of epilepsy which develops in child

Lewy Body Dementia LBD
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), the second most frequent cause of dementia in older adults, is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with abnormal

Medulloblastoma / Primitive Neuroectodermal tumour (PNET)(Medulloblastoma / Primitive Neuroectodermal tumour (PNET))
Medulloblastoma is an aggressive brain tumour that only develops in the posterior fossa of the brain - classically in the midline of the cerebellum. It is an important tumour because it occurs in chi

Meningitis (Eosinophilic meningitis)
Meningitis is defined as inflammation of the meninges. Meninge

Meralgia Paraesthetica
Meralgia paraesthetica is a condition caused by entrapment or injury to the nerve that supplies sensation to the outer part of the thigh. Patients may experience a dull ache, itching, numbness, ti

Migraine

Migraines are recurrent headaches which can occur in conjunction with gastrointestinal and visual symptoms.

Motor neuron disease
In motor neuron disease (MND) there is relentless and unexplained destruction of lower and upper motor nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord, leading to progressive weakness of muscles.

Multiple Sclerosis

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Myaesthenia Gravis
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterised by varying degrees of weakness of the skeletal muscles in the body. The muscle weakness worsens after activity and improves after rest.

Myopathies (including Duchenne's)
Myopathies are diseases that affect the skeletal muscles (those attached to bones). Myopathies can be caused by inherited genetic defects (e.g. muscular dystrophies), and endocrine, inflammatory (

Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a disorder of the body's normal sleep wake cycles, causing inappropriate sleepiness at unpredictable times during the d

Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain is defined as pain caused by a lesion or dysfunction in the nervous system. There i

Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury (NTSCI) is any damage to the spinal cord that has not been caused by a major trauma. So rather than the spinal cord being injured in a traumatic impact like a car crash

Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus literally means 'water in the brain', but technically it means building up of fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) in the brain to

Obstructive sleep apnoea (Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; Sleep apnoea syndrome; Sleep apnea)

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Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia
Opioids are a class of drugs commonly used to treat moderate to severe pain. They can be used over prolonged periods to relieve chronic pain. Opioid induced hyperalges

Ototoxicity

Ototoxicity refers to drug or chemical-related damage to the inner ear,&n

Parkinson's disease(Parkinson's disease (PD))

[[Anim 22]] Parkinson's disease involves a depletion of dopamine-containing neuro

Perinatal stroke
Perinatal (around birth) stroke is defined as a stroke occuring around the time of birth. It is an increasingly recognised cause of neurological disabilities such as cer

Peripheral Neuropathies
Peripheral neuropathies refer to a diverse group of disease affecting the motor sensory and autonomic nerves lying outside the central nervous system. This can cause a wide variety of symptoms, such a

Phantom Limb Pain
Phantom limb pain refers to the neuropathic pain some people experience after the surgic

Preeclampsia (Toxemia, Pregnancy-induced hypertension)
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy induced disease associated with elevated blood pressure and protein in the urine which presents in

Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
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Reye's Syndrome

Reye's syndrome is a condition in which there is brain and liver damage of an unknown cause. It is associated with the use of aspirin

Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a disease of unknown cause involving the formation of nodules of chronically inflamed tissue in many sites throughout the body. Sarcoidosis usually affects the lungs and nervous system,

Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a long term mental illness. The disease is characterised by positive and negative symptoms. The positive symptoms are those such as hallucinations (s

Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida refers to a birth defect resulting in malformations of the spinal cord, caused by the incomplete closure of a vertebral arch during development. It forms a part of the broad complex know

Stroke (Cerebrovascular accident - CVA)

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Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)
[[Anim 77]] Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy [SUDEP] is the single most important cause of death in persons with epileps

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH))
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is the continued ADH secretion in spite of plasma hypotonicity and a normal or expanded plasma volume.

Tardive Dyskinesia
Tardive Dyskinesia is thought to be caused by antipsychotic medications that act on dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. It should be noted, however, that Tardive Dyskinesia was seen in s

Tension headache

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Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
Trigeminal neuralgia is a condition that affects the face. The trigeminal nerve is the main sensory nerve to the face. It has three divisions supplying the three parts of the face in the diagram b

Urinary Incontinence

[[Anim 43]] Urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine.
There are many causes of urinary incontinence and incontinence is usually due to

Vascular Dementia (Multi-infarct Dementia)

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Virtual Neurological Centre Full Disease List

Aicardi Syndrome

Alzheimer's Disease

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's Disease, Charcot's Disease)

Arachnoiditis

Aseptic meningitis (Sterile meningitis)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Autism

Bacterial Meningitis

Bell's palsy

Benign intracranial hypertension (BIH)

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Cerebral palsy

Cervical Root disorders (cervical spondylotic myelopathy & radiculopathy)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (hereditary motor sensory neuropathy)

Chronic Pain Syndrome

Cluster headache

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Diabetic Neuropathy

Dry Eye Syndrome (keratoconjunctivitis sicca)(Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye syndrome))

Encephalitis (Viral Encephalitis)

Epilepsy

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Epileptic seizures (Epileptic fits, Status epilepticus)

Essential tremor

Friedreich ataxia

Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick's Disease)

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS)

Headache

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Hemorrhagic stroke

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) and Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN)

Horner syndrome

Huntington's disease (Huntington chorea)

Hydrocephalus

Ischaemic Stroke

Krabbe Disease (Globoid cell leukodystrophy)

Lambert-Eaton Syndrome or Eaton-Lambert Syndrome

Lennox Gastaut Syndrome

Lewy Body Dementia LBD

Medulloblastoma / Primitive Neuroectodermal tumour (PNET)(Medulloblastoma / Primitive Neuroectodermal tumour (PNET))

Meningitis (Eosinophilic meningitis)

Meralgia Paraesthetica

Migraine

Motor neuron disease

Multiple Sclerosis

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Myaesthenia Gravis

Myopathies (including Duchenne's)

Narcolepsy

Neuropathic Pain

Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Obstructive sleep apnoea (Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; Sleep apnoea syndrome; Sleep apnea)

Virtual Medical Centre Video

Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia

Ototoxicity

Parkinson's disease(Parkinson's disease (PD))

Perinatal stroke

Peripheral Neuropathies

Phantom Limb Pain

Preeclampsia (Toxemia, Pregnancy-induced hypertension)

Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Reye's Syndrome

Sarcoidosis

Schizophrenia

Spina Bifida

Stroke (Cerebrovascular accident - CVA)

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Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH))

Tardive Dyskinesia

Tension headache

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Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

Urinary Incontinence

Vascular Dementia (Multi-infarct Dementia)

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